The Green Belt Movement (GBM) is a grassroot Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) that focuses on environmental conservation and community development. The organization that is today known as the GBM has undergone tremendous growth and evolution over several years. It was founded in 1977 by Wangari Maathai (Ph.D), and was known then as Envirocare. It operated in only one section of Nairobi (the capital city of Kenya) with an aim to promote tree-planting among residents of that section of the city. In addition to forming green belts on public lands, the need to plant trees on private land also arose - since more than 90% of the rural population use fuelwood in their homes on a daily basis. In response to this need, the Green Belt Movement encouraged community members to organize themselves into groups, become members of the organization and then establish a tree nursery and distribute seedlings to community members free-of-charge. In return, GBM promised to compensate these groups in monetary terms for the seedlings that they distributed. To make the whole process effective as well as ensure a high survival rate of trees, GBM developed a methodology which is now known as the Ten Step Procedure for tree planting. Though a lot of trees have been planted through GBM, the challenge is far from over for a number of reasons - including the continued encroachment of Kenya's forests due to mismanagement and corruption. Fortunately, however, the citizenry has over the years become more sensitive to the importance of conservation and is now more willing to play a role to save the land.