The Kalahari Conservation Society (KCS) is a non-governmental organisation (NGO) that was inaugurated by the then President of the Republic of Botswana, His Excellency Sir Ketumile Masire, in 1982.

The Society was formed in recognition of the pressures on Botswana's wildlife and the general environment. KCS is the oldest environmental NGO in Botswana and has been effective in undertaking its lobbyist activities through advocacy and assisting Government in policy making and also collaborating with other NGOs and Government Departments to contribute to the conservation of Botswana's environment and wildlife resources. Since its establishment, the Society has grown rapidly, receiving recognition both within Botswana and internationally